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Meher Baba (25 February 1894 – 31 January 1969), born Merwan Sheriar Irani, was an Indian spiritual master who said he was the Avatar,〔''Awakener Magazine'', Volume 9, Number 4, 1964, p. 15〕〔''Awakener Magazine'', Volume 4, Number 2, 1956, p. 27〕〔Kalchuri (1986) p. 2324〕 God in human form.〔Baba (1987) p. 269〕〔''Awakener Magazine'', Volume 11, Number 1, 1966, p. 9〕 Merwan Sheriar Irani was born in 1894 in Pune, India to Irani Zoroastrian parents. At the age of 19, he began a seven-year spiritual transformation.〔Hopkinson, Tom & Dorothy: ''Much Silence'', Meher Baba Foundation Australia, 1974, p. 24〕〔Purdom (1964) p. 20〕 During this time he contacted five spiritual masters before beginning his own mission and gathering his own disciples in early 1922, at the age of 27.〔Haynes (1989) pp. 38–39〕 From 10 July 1925 to the end of his life, Meher Baba maintained silence, communicating by means of an alphabet board or by unique hand gestures.〔''Encyclopedia of Religion'', Macmillan Publishing Company, 1995, vol. 9, p. 346〕〔Haynes (1989) p. 2〕〔Baba (2007) p. 3〕 With his ''mandali'' (circle of disciples), he spent long periods in seclusion, during which time he often fasted. He also traveled widely, held public gatherings and engaged in works of charity with lepers, the poor and the mentally ill. In 1931, Meher Baba made the first of many visits to the West, where he attracted followers.〔Kalchuri (1986) p. 1405ff〕 Throughout most of the 1940s, Meher Baba worked with a category of spiritual aspirants called ''masts'',〔Donkin (2001) p. vi〕 who he said are entranced or spellbound by internal spiritual experiences. Starting in 1949, along with selected mandali, he traveled incognito about India in an enigmatic and still largely unexplained period he called the "New Life".〔Purdom (1964) p. 431〕 After being injured as a passenger in two serious automobile accidents, one in the United States in 1952 and one in India in 1956, his ability to walk became severely limited.〔Haynes (1989) p. 60〕〔Purdom (1964) p. 376〕 In 1962, he invited his Western followers to India for a mass ''darshan'' called "The East-West Gathering".〔''Awakener Magazine'', Volume 9, Number 1–2, 1963, p. 1〕 Concerned by an increasing use of LSD and other psychedelic drugs, in 1966 Baba stated that they did not convey real benefits.〔Kalchuri (1986) p. 6399ff〕 Despite deteriorating health, he continued what he called his "Universal Work", which included fasting and seclusion, until his death on 31 January 1969. His ''samadhi'' (shrine/tomb) in Meherabad, India, has become a place of international pilgrimage.〔Haynes (1989) p. 62〕 Meher Baba gave numerous teachings on the cause and purpose of life, including teaching reincarnation and that the phenomenal world is an illusion. He taught that the Universe is imagination, that God is what really exists, and that each soul is really God passing through imagination to realize individually His own divinity. In addition he gave practical advice for the aspirant who wishes to attain Self-realization and thereby escape the wheel of births and deaths.〔''Discourses'', 7th edition, 1987. p. 315〕 He also taught about the concept of Perfect Masters, the Avatar, and those on the various stages of the spiritual path that he called involution. His teachings are most importantly recorded in his principal books ''Discourses'' and ''God Speaks''. His legacy includes the Avatar Meher Baba Charitable Trust he established in India, a handful of centers for information and pilgrimage, as well as an influence on pop-culture artists and the introduction of common expressions such as "Don't Worry, Be Happy." Meher Baba's silence has remained a mysterious issue as much among his followers as with the rest of the world.〔Purdom (1964) p. 407 – "Why he ceased to speak and write Baba has explained only vaguely, though much natural curiosity is aroused; the first question asked when people come to know about him or to see him is why he does it. That both silence and nonwriting are of great significance is certain; not surprisingly Baba does not explain. Silence is the answer to silence."〕〔''Meher Baba's Silent Semiotic Output'', José Sanjinés, ''Signs and Society'', Vol. 2, No. S1, Supplement 2014, The University of Chicago Press, p. S121〕 ==Biography== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Meher Baba」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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